Dual2#
- class rateslib.dual.Dual2(real, vars, dual, dual2)#
Dual number data type to perform first derivative automatic differentiation.
- Parameters:
real (float, int) – The real coefficient of the dual number
vars (tuple of str) – The labels of the variables for which to record derivatives. If empty, the dual number represents a constant, equivalent to a float.
dual (list of float) – First derivative information contained as coefficient of linear manifold. Defaults to an array of ones the length of
vars
if empty.dual2 (list of float) – Second derivative information contained as coefficients of quadratic manifold. Defaults to a 2d array of zeros the size of
vars
if empty. These values represent a 2d array but must be given as a 1d list of values in row-major order.
Attributes
- Variables:
real – float
vars – sequence of str
dual – 1d ndarray
dual2 – 2d ndarray
See also
Dual
: Dual number data type to perform first derivative automatic differentiation.Examples
In [1]: from rateslib.dual import Dual2, gradient In [2]: def func(x, y): ...: return 5 * x**2 + 10 * y**3 ...: In [3]: x = Dual2(1.0, ["x"], [], []) In [4]: y = Dual2(1.0, ["y"], [], []) In [5]: gradient(func(x,y), ["x", "y"], order=2) Out[5]: array([[10., 0.], [ 0., 60.]])
Methods Summary
- vars_from(other, real, vars, dual, dual2)#
Create a
Dual2
object withvars
linked with another.- Parameters:
other (Dual) – The other Dual from which to link vars.
real (float, int) – The real coefficient of the dual number
vars (tuple of str) – The labels of the variables for which to record derivatives. If empty, the dual number represents a constant, equivalent to a float.
dual (list of float) – First derivative information contained as coefficient of linear manifold. Defaults to an array of ones the length of
vars
if empty.dual2 (list of float) – Second derivative information contained as coefficients of quadratic manifold. Defaults to a 2d array of zeros the size of
vars
if empty. These values represent a 2d array but must be given as a 1d list of values in row-major order.
- Return type:
Notes
Variables are constantly checked when operations are performed between dual numbers. In Rust the variables are stored within an ARC pointer. It is much faster to check the equivalence of two ARC pointers than if the elements within a variables Set, say, are the same and in the same order. This method exists to create dual data types with shared ARC pointers directly.
In [1]: from rateslib import Dual2 In [2]: x1 = Dual2(1.0, ["x"], [], []) In [3]: x2 = Dual2(2.0, ["x"], [], []) # x1 and x2 have the same variables (["x"]) but it is a different object In [4]: x1.ptr_eq(x2) Out[4]: False In [5]: x3 = Dual2.vars_from(x1, 3.0, ["x"], [], []) # x3 contains shared object variables with x1 In [6]: x1.ptr_eq(x3) Out[6]: True